Monday, 20 May 2019

Media Theory - 20/5/19

Baudrillard
-Reality
-Heightened reality
-Simulacra

Identify examples in Online and Media examples from the News/TV including areas studied.
Discuss how Instagram and Facebook profiles represent the real celebrities give examples
Discuss whether student Instagram accounts are affected by Baudrillard (Reality, Hightened reality or Simulacra


apply to online media and tv
reality vs artificial
loss of reality but in a world of artificial realities
heightened reality - links to the reality but heightened version - small adaptations but links to reality
artificial copra - simulacra - copy of reality/so artificial that isn't linked to reality at all
audiences often prefer simulacra to real life
when audiences can't tell the difference between reality and simulacra it is known as hyper reality
simulacra to the narrative







Thursday, 9 May 2019

Radio Contexts

BBC was formed in 1922 and first broadcast in the same year
ECONOMIC


BBC radio 1 is a publicly funded institution compared to commercial radio
Radio 1 budget comes from license fee enables Radio 1 to chase a young niche audience 
Fact is that popular music programming is much cheaper than classical music programming means that Radio 1 can offer value for money 

use of digital platforms depends on the economic context of the rapidly decreasing cost of computing power and storage and the growth of the internet

Live music is more expensive than playing recorded music influences its status as a PSB element 

POLITICAL

Radio was the first domestic electronic medium and so was subject to political control
The notion of a free media is central to democracy and state media are associated with dictatorship 
OFCOM- to regulate radio without direct interface 

Radio 3 more for cultural conservatives- key in understanding political debates
Right politicians are against public institutions such as BBC and argue that there is no reason why license fee payers should pay for radio 1 (budget of £35 million)  

OFCOM taking over regulation of the BBC was the result of some political controversy
some right wing commentators are critical of the BBC's liberal bias 

CULTURAL

BBC radio one is a "popular culture" as opposed to radio 3 for example which is a "high culture"
Radio one plays pop music which to radio 3 audience could be seen as loud and repetitive
Radio three has more classical music which to a radio one audience could be seen as boring 
In terms of cultural expectation Radio One should be fast and upbeat in terms of the presenting whereas Radio three has moments of silence as it is a lot slower
Radio one has a friendly informal and inclusive mode of address that engages with everyday activities of its audience eg exams and first time house buyers.  

Popular music radio operates in a cultural context where pop music is seen as inferior to other art forms, due to its commercial success.
BBC faces a cultural context in which compulsory charges are starting to seem old fashioned 

Radio 1 breakfast show faces increasing competition from commercial radio and YouTube and Spotify.

radio 1 was only available on medium wave frequencies reflecting  the low cultural evaluation 

Reith made R1 to improve the culture of the nation 

popular music ,especially recorded music, is considered low status
explains the other requirements placed on Radio 1 to tr to achieve PSB status : innovative and challenging music, UK talent, live music and speech programming

Monday, 1 April 2019

Clay Shirkeys end of audience theory

Believes that audiences are no longer passive
Audiences more active wanting to interaction with media- explosion of technology has changed our expectations and behaviour
audiences prefer digital version
audiences like to speak back to media producers
equality of power with audiences and producers
End of audience Model
Old models of producer-audience have broken down.
New audience- groupings have grown up:
collaborative projects,
Crowd funding,
crowdsourcing,
 publicity campaigns
 run by volunteers.
‘End of Audience’ Model
"Every consumer is also a producer, and everyone can talk back.”
 Media had been a hierarchical industry—in that one filtered first, and then published.
"All of that now breaks down….....
People are producing who are not employees or media professionals. So we now publish first, and then filter. ” It’s all about connections, participatory networks



Henry Jenkins Fandom Theory 
Fans play a key role in media
fans can comment/share/interpret 
his theory involves a key phase textual poaching
textual poaching audiences taking a media product and remaking or reworking it to create their own meaning 



“The difference between watching a [television] series and becoming a fan lies in the intensity of their emotional and intellectual involvement.” There are two elements to fan cultures: 

Social Aspect 

• Media fans band together in either informally or formally structured groups (e.g. fan clubs) to share their mutual interest with others. 

Interpretive Aspect 

• Fans act as interpreters and producers of media content, thus have a far more intense viewing experience than other consumers of the same product.


See page 203 (OCR media studies revision)  for how Fandom might be applied in interpreting LFTVD and how the theory is limited.


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-The Cultivation Theory, also known as the Cultivation Analysis or the Cultivation Hypothesis, is a social theory that studies long-term effects of media on viewers’ ideas and perceptions, especially through the television medium
-Its main causal argument is that “Mass communication, especially the TV, cultivates concepts of social reality of its viewers,” giving the theory its name. 
-Gerbner observed on the basis of the “people religiously watching TV” that we know some things not because we have experienced them but because we see them on media. Therefore, according to this theory, there is a direct relationship between TV time, the frequency that a person watches TV, and reality perception, how realistic a person thinks something is. The more frequently viewers watch TV, the more they are likely to believe what they see on TV. Furthermore, in his 1982 Violence Index, the results showed that violence is at least ten times (10x) more on TV than in real life. In other words, violence and other “realities” shown on TV are exaggerated. So if this was what the people were seeing on TV, these people were likely to have believed a distorted perception of reality.
-The Cultivation Theory is considered a stalagmite theory. A stalagmite is a mass of accumulated deposits that grows on cave ceilings, and so, it is a metaphor for the long-term effects of media. 


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How does Gerbner’s Theory and Shirkey’s Theory, impact the way consumers respond to news content  within modern day media?

Use examples from the Daily Mail and Daily Telegraph to back up your answers.

Use previous case studies and your own examples in support of your arguments

Gerbner's Theory of Cultivation impact the way consumers respond to news within modern day media significantly. Gerbner's argues the idea “Mass communication, especially the TV, cultivates concepts of social reality of its viewers". This means that the more frequent viewers watch TV or any media product, the more they are likely to believe what they see and become more easily influenced. This relate to certain news content, with right wing papers such as the sun and the Daily Mail. Consumers of that newspaper can become influenced in certain views on Brexit for example. Therefore viewers becoming more in favour of Brexit, however a more left wing newspaper such as
the Guardian can influence their readership to be more against Brexit. As well due to the advancements of digital technology consumers are more able to interact with the newspaper and so if they agree with the story readers are able to share , like and comment on it to express the views. Gerbner's theory applies more to newspapers where content analysis is widely used to study consistency in media. Gerbner's theory would most apply to newspaper messages that are delivered strongly and consistently across newspapers e.g the wrongness of terrorism, knife epidemic in London.
This supports the argument that newspapers should be regulated to avoid public harm. 
However, this theory can be limited as newspapers messages are likely to be contradicted by messages from politically and socially opposing papers such as the guardian and the daily mail.As well the theory could potentially be outdated for online news as many newspapers producers and messages will be challenged by audiences in comments, tweets or other posts, reducing the effect of the original messages. 


Shirkey's end of audience theory relates to the idea that old models of produce-audience have broken down with new hierarchies in place. This theory evolves around the theory that "Every consumer is also a producer, and everyone can talk back". People are producing who are not employees or media professionals. So we now publish first, and then filter. ” It’s all about connections, participatory networks. This is also centred around the belief that audience is no longer passive. This theory is impacts a massively with how consumers interpret and respond to modern day media. In news content, consumers will prefer to read or follow up on news digitally so through platforms such as Twitter,Facebook and Snapchat. This is evident as its shown by the decline in print media. These have been exploited by news companies such as the Daily Mail and Daily Telegraph. Consumers are able to share/comment/like on their preferred news and can influence what news they want on their own timeline. Audiences can influence media products a lot using the James Gunn and Disney situation as an example, there was a petition of over 400,000 people, this convinced Disney to reinstate James Gunn as director for the new guardians of the galaxy. 
This theory is useful as it draws attention to the potentially revolutionary effect of online media on news, and the threat this represents to traditional models of news gathering and distribution.
This theory can be limited as it doesn't apply to print media. The internet isn't regulated so anything can be said. 

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Monday, 18 March 2019

Media Regulation



PEGI- Gaming
OFCOM- Radio
BBFC- Film
IPSO- Press


Sonia Livingstone and Peter Lunt 

There is an underlying struggle in recent UK regulation policy between the need to further the interests of citizens (by offering protection from the harmful or offensive material), and the need to further the interests of consumers (by ensuring choice, value for money, and market competition).
The increasing power of global media corporations, together with the rise of convergent media technologies and transformations in the production, distribution and marketing of digital media, have placed traditional approaches to media regulation at risk.

Hypodermic needle model is a model of communication suggesting that an intended message is directly received and wholly accepted by the reciever 
Developed between the first and second world war; it suggests the profound effect of propaganda/advertising on influencing behaviour.
It suggests that all people are affected equally and is a theory that is now largely discredited within contemporary democratic societies.

War of the Worlds is an example for hypodermic needle when an radio transmitted news that aliens invaded and people listening in admitted to seeing the aliens.

Bandura (1997)
Big doll gets beaten up because monkey see monkey do but instead of monkeys it is children. "Social Learning Theory". 
Social Learning Theory, theorised by Albert Bandura, posits that people learn from one another, via observation, imitation, and modeling. The theory has often been called a bridge between behaviorist and cognitive learning theories because it encompasses attention, memory, and motivation.

Gerbner (1976 cultivation theory) 

Cultivation theory examines the long-term effects of television. "The primary proposition of cultivation theory states that the more time people spend 'living' in the television world, the more likely they are to believe social reality aligns with reality portrayed on television." The images and ideological messages transmitted through popular television media heavily influence perceptions of the real world. 


IPSO are not doing their jobs in regulations in certain press publications, using the example of Katie Hopkins and her migrants column was in  bad taste but IPSO doesn't cover it. More than 200,000 people petitioned to be sacked but the chief executive of IPSO said bad taste was not in their remit. This led to comparing IPSO to a toothless tiger. 

Fatima Manji column was criticised by Kelvin Mackenzie for wearing a hijab while reporting on  the Nice truck attack. But IPSO said that Kelvin Mackenzie was not attacking the religion but instead what she is wearing. 















Thursday, 14 March 2019

Theories

Curran and Seaton

Media Industries are dominated by a small number of large conglomerates. (eg The Big Six)
The conglomerates only care about profit and power. 
Limits variety creativity and quality (eg Disney)
More independent companies can produces more adventurous productions
HoC streamed on Netflix

When Netflix reported its fourth quarter of 2012 results on January 23, 2013, days before "House of Cards" debuted, the company had 33 million streaming subscribers. Its quarterly sales were less than $1 billion. The company's market value was $5.7 billion.


Power in the sense that HoC can influence peoples views on politics. 


Hesmondhalgh

Companies try to minimise risk through vertical and horizontal integration.
The largest companies or conglomerates now operate across a number of different cultural industries.

Issues with Media Concentration



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Task 3 analyse the set text (HOC)  p 179 – 183 from the revision notes. 

Halls Theory of encoding and decoding https://www.slideshare.net/alexeglen/stuart-halls-reception-theory
The theory states that media texts are encoded by the producer meaning that whoever produces the text fills the product with values and messages. The text is then decoded by the audience.
Different spectators will decode the text in different ways, not always in the way the producer intended. A text can be received in one of three ways;
Dominant or Preferred Reading 
This is when the text is read in the way the producer intended the text to be read. 
The audience agree with the messages and ideology that the producer has placed behind the text.
Negotiated Reading 
This is a compromise between the dominant reading and the oppositional reading of the text. 
The audience accepts the views of the producer but also has their own input and understanding of the text. 
Oppositional Reading
The audience rejects the producers preferred reading and creates their own reading of the text, usually this is the opposite of what the producer intended.
The reader rejects the meaning completely as they do not agree with the message that is being presented to the audience.



















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Gauntlett 

Media forms influences the individuals lifestyles and choices



Van Zoonen

Van Zoonen argues that the way women bodies are represented as objects in patriarchal culture is different to the representations of male bodies as spectacle. She agrees with Butler that gender is preformative and contextual.
An example of Van Zoonen in House of Cards is when Zoe walked past Frank at the ball and Frank saw Zoe as an object and was staring from behind her. 
Claire subverts - she is a powerful CEO rather than just Franks wife 

bell hooks 

hooks concept of 'intersectionality' - that intersections, gender, race, class and sexuality create a 'white supremacist capitalist patriarchy' whose ideologies dominate media representations - is a high level theory. 
In House of Cards the powerful figures are White, male and middle class, reflecting the 'White supremacist capitalist patriarchy' but in a grotesque manner.
Zoe uses her sexuality to attract Frank.
Claire subverts from feminism as she oozes power. 

Butler

Gender is how you express your masculinity. Its not the result of nature but it is socially constructed. 



Monday, 4 March 2019

House of Cards



Task 2. 

Apply Neales Theory to House of cards      
Draft a list of the genre conventions for a spy/thriller drama versus a family drama.
In what way does House of Cards conform to both genre conventions explain why genre hybridity is important in audiences apply Neale’s theory.

Genre conventions for political drama

  • Suspense 
  • Power Struggle
  • Corruption
  • Realism (Verisimilitude) 

Genre conventions for family drama/soaps…?

  • Evolves around Conflict 
  • Dramatic hour long shows
  • Cliffhanger 

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Task 3 representation and media language
Describe the underlying ideology of the drama….
In what way does the drama mirror contemporary views on politics. Provide an example

Patriarchy the women in power are seem to apart of a bigger ploy and are working for men.

Ethnocentrism is an ideology that takes place within House of Cards, this is evident as there is only one representation of an ethnic group, which is Linda Vasquez. This highly accentuates that politics is more popular for White people and that they are more involved. 

Feminism is an ideology that this show supports within the show House of Cards there are lots of examples of this. It shows a lot of women in power and making important decisions for the country's sake. 


Consumerism - lavish/rich lifestyle , Jefferson Ball to receive diplomatic trades

Individualism- Linked to ambition of the main protagonist
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Task 5 

Discuss the media language of the drama through shot location, colour treatment and time of day, identify CLEAR SPECIFIC examples that show how the drama is played out as a somewhat dark representation of political life

Discuss the impact of high budgets in American Dramas has impacted on how the film looks

Determine the reach (number of countries) in which the drama has been watched

How faithful is the drama to the original House of cards (intertextuality)

What other examples of intertextuality are evident within the drama?   


Social contexts.

The impact on television programs of changes in roles, in gender, racial and ethnic inequalities and social attitudes to sexualities.
o Claire Underwood - represented as a ruthless, corrupted CEO of a charity.
'My husband doesn't apologise'- 'You don't call me for 9 hours' shows Frank answering to Claire -Shows her level of power
o Vasquez – presidents chief of staff – (outwardly subverting the stereotype that BAME roles are subordinate, however ironically her power and influence is undermined by the Underwood's) Used by Frank, A pawn to Frank, 'Latina check'
o Zoe Barnes – self-confident in her sexuality  and ambitious – (narrative complexity ambition to develop her career, yet uses her sexuality to seduce /get what she wants) – compare with van Zoonen
Ambitious 'Legal and ethically grey area' 'Which is why Print Journalism is dying'

The influence of social anxieties in television programs ,  for example the corruption of politics as played out in contemporary political events  e.g. Trump/Clinton and the White House – political scandals
Examples of SandCorp /Peter Russo and his activities

Cultural contexts

Programmes, for example the cultural importance of television dramas in reflecting, reinterpreting and reinforcing natural cultural identities and on occasion challenging and subverting these representations
HOC – Common Notions of America are represented as the seat of democracy, of life, liberty and the pursuit of the American dream… 
Most audiences recognise the idealism underpinning American society whilst at the same time recognising the reality of American societies as being increasingly corrupted and self-interested.


Political contexts

o The need for the audience to have  some political knowledge to understand some representations in political dramas
o HOC refers to (Monica Lewinski’ a reference to Clinton’s sexual infidelity and lying under oath)
o The influence of attitudes to politics on television programmes, including how television programs can, and are expected to reflect, reinterpret, amplify and satirise national political institutions and the mechanics of their working.
o Frank Underwood’s use of the 4th wall amplifies how politicians (may) seek to undermine the position of the government/leaders for their own benefit
Stealing the education bill
Using Zoe to release information about whats going on in congress- education bill - 

Economic context

The complexity of the characterisation and representations reflects the economic pressure to create quality flagship programming
The influence of budgets and economic competiotn on the need for authored products requiring complex representations to have universal appeal to attract global audiences 

Economic figures 
$100M to produce 26 episodes of HoC 
£29M to produce 212 episodes of Eastenders 




House of Cards - Year 1

TASK 1

What visual codes are at work in the analysis of Grand theft auto?  
  • ·          How does Barthes semantic code apply in the analysis of the masculine and feminine figures? 
  • ·           What connotations do the visual codes have?
The female - GTA

 Highly sexualised, she has her tongue sticking out whilst licking a lollipop this is seen as a seductive expression. The female body's language is almost swayed and standing in a feminine position. The female is wearing red which has connotations with lust and love but is also strongly linked with prostitution. 

The girl is seen playing with her hair this suggests that she's not that intelligent and also suggests that she is a confused character. 
      
She is also licking a lollipop very suggestively which promotes the idea that she is a playful character and maybe enjoys a bot of mischief and attention.


The male- GTA

The male has a scruffy stubbled beard which suggests that he is tough man and has maybe been in prison also links to the idea that he doesn't care about his appearance.

The man is seen wearing gloves so that it could mean he is ready to fight and get his hands dirty.

The man is looking very aggressively at the camera which highly suggests that  he is ready to confront anyone over anything. 





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House of Cards: Chapter 1

House of Cards uses a number of different media techniques in order to portray different representations of the main characters, location and politics.

The mise-en-scene of Chapter 1, gives a strong representation of the main character, location and politics. The main character Frank Underwood is seen as a quite sinister character and through mise-en-scene this is further proven with the low-key lighting throughout the whole episode. This represents a sense of mystery and suspense which all conform to the conventions of a thriller. Frank Underwood is always dressed smart and slick this accentuates how politicians are dressed and are portrayed. Frank Underwood is also looking for revenge and is a power hungry character, this is represented through setting as most of the plotting and scheming occur late evening/night this represents a sinister atmosphere as well conforming to a political thriller conventions it also shows how sinister Frank’s character is. An example of this would be when Frank shatters the plates in his house this can represent the power struggle Frank is going through as he was cheated from being State Senator. Another example of corruption is when Frank blackmails Peter to work for him with no questions asked.

In, HoC, there is a use of dull and muted colours and with low-key lighting. The dull muted colour offers a sense of realism towards the audience as HoC portrays the corruption and power struggles within Washington, which is unknown to the public/audience. The low-key lighting conforms to the genres of a thriller and in HoC case the genre hybridity of a drama/thriller.

Also mise-en-scene has a part to play in the character of Zoe Barnes, who is an ambitious reporter working for the Washington Herald.  Zoe’s life has a vast contrast from Frank/Claire’s life. She lives in a messy apartment with paper and work scattered everywhere this suggests that she doesn’t care about her appearance. When Zoe first meets Frank she was wearing a revealing V-neck to try and sway Frank. This suggests that Zoe will do whatever it takes to get where she needs to be.
Peter Russo is a corrupt solicitation, who is involved in dark matters such as drugs and adultery. Peter becomes one of Frank’s pawns when he gets arrested for drink driving. Through mise-en-scene it showed Peter’s situation through dull/muted colours also when Peter was arrested it was set in the night, which gives it a more sinister feeling.

Another significant part of Chapter 1 is the sound used throughout the episode; there is a use of diegetic and non-diegetic sound within the episode. More significantly diegetic sound is more predominant, this usually occurs from Frank when he is narrating what’s happening within the episode and what he is planning. Frank looks directly at the camera almost if it’s a conversion between Frank and the audience. Despite this there is still non-diegetic sound in the episode, which is mainly the background music, this is more mysterious and it adds to the tension of the episode, it also gets your blood pumping and heart racing through the music. With the background music it conforms House of Cards to a political thriller. During the presidential elect winning party, there was a lot of patriotic music but Frank’s voice was more noticeable. During the episode the characters voices override the background music.

The editing of the show gives us a strong representation of the character, Frank Underwood.  The pace of the editing varies from scene to scene however it all adds up to paint this character, Frank, as a vicious and vengeful character. In an argument between Frank and his wife Claire, there is the use of shot reverse shot. The cuts and changes are very quick to suggest that this argument is heated and this shows the tension in the scene. This represents not only Franks but also Claire as characters that will not back down and will fight until they get their own way. There is also a very similar example that shows Zoe Barnes as and ambitious and arrogant character. In the scene where she is handing in the Education Bill, she is constantly interrupting her co-workers and there for the shot pace is very fast as the camera goes to the co-workers then is instantly back on her as she always has something to say. This shows that her character will make sure that her voice is heard as she want to make it to the top. In the title sequence of the show, there is a series of sped up establishing shots of the city of Washington DC. This represents the setting of the show as a very fast paced and busy establishment. This also sets the tone for the show itself

Moreover, the camera work also does a good job in the representing of characters in the show. There are many close-up shots on peoples faces in order to show emotion. Peter Russo is portrayed, through the use of camerawork, as an untrustworthy character. In the scene where his meeting is interrupted but his secretary posing as the president elect there are close up shots to his face and we can see that, even though we know he is lying, he keeps a strong, straight face. This immediately show the audience he is manipulative and not to be trusted. This is also reinforced in the scene where he lies to his secretary saying that he was alone the night before. This is a heated scene which uses the shot reverse shot at a fast pace. This shows that he wont crumble under pressure also. It also show that Christina, his assistant is quite a doubting character and is sceptical of his actions. When Russo is finally caught and called out by Frank he becomes worried and paranoid and agrees to everything Frank says. This shows him to be a pushover character being easily controlled by Frank. In the scene where Frank is told that he will not be made Secretary of State there is a close up shot, which shows his slight change is emotion. The change is enough for the audience to know he is hurt by the decision however it also shows him go from neutral to hurt to angry in a matter in a second showing he is ready to fight for his position.

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Starter activity: Eastenders : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pIurmAcqn8M
Discuss the similarities and differences  of UK Soaps and US Long form dramas


UK Soaps are shorter in length 
UK soaps are lower in budget 
US dramas have a formal attitude whereas UK Soaps are quite urban 



Record notes on how technology has influenced the production, distribution and exhibition of long form TV drama.





Task 3 read the following link Identify AT LEAST 3 reasons why digital production is cheaper and a more convenient medium http://silverscreenmodes.com/the-end-of-film/

A film print costs about $2000, a digital disk less than $100.
A 90 minute movie is usually over 8,000 feet of film. If you’ve ever looked through developed film stock, it’s amazing how many frames it takes to advance a scene. Modern reels of film come  in 2000 ft. lengths, so that’s almost nine reels of film per movie, and many movies last longer than 90 minutes.
On the shooting end of digital, you no longer have to stop “filming” to reload film magazines, you just keep on shooting

Digital (streaming)
In just a decade, Netflix has grown from a video service with seven million U.S. subscribers to one that reaches 93 million people worldwide.
When Netflix first launched in the late 1990s, it distributed DVDs – mainly films – by mail. The convenience of the service disrupted the existing film rental industry and eventually led to its demise.
during the early 2000s, advances in compression technology – coupled with more homes gaining access to high-speed internet services – allowed large video files to be easily streamed over the internet.
video streaming services such as Netflix (what I call “portals”) deliver programming “on demand” via the internet, viewers can choose what and when to watch instead of watching “what’s on.”
Subscription TV therefore offers significant benefits to terrestial TV.
Netflix (originally a US company) provides services to 43% of the US market, it has developed its global market with a presence in 190 countries.
Its popularity is achieved by providing high production content in several TV serial genres.  This includes complicated serial dramas (“House of Cards”), action series (“Daredevil”), horror series (“Hemlock Grove”).

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Task 4 what is the comparative production costs of a typical UK Soap e.g. EastEnders compared to an episode of House of cards

House of Cards have a larger budget hen typical UK soaps such as EastEnders. For one episode of EastEnders it costs around £141,000 to produce whereas House of Cards costs around £4.5 million ,which is increasing over time,. This is a tiny amount compared to House of Cards vast budget. 
House of Cards is available in 4K and HD. Also House of Cards actors are more well known and have higher wages then EastEnder actors and actresses. 


Synopsis 


Genre conventions of a Thriller: The intensity of emotions they create particularly those of apprehension and exhilaration, of excitement and breathlessness, all designed to generate that all-important thrill. By definition, if a thriller doesn't thrill, it's not doing its job.

Narrative Techniques of a Thriller
  • Plot twists and turns
  • Flashbacks
  • Misdirections
  • Making the audience work
Characters

President elect Garrick Walker,
Linda Vasquez Chief of staff, woman, latino tough as a 2 dollar cheque
Frank/Francis Underwood -House majority whip – keep the sludge moving.
Clair (Frans wide)- shady, direct, cold, ruthless, own ambitions and for her husband
Washington Herald: Zoe Barnes- willing to go against the law, very ambitious 
Recently elected  secretary of state   Michael Kern –
Peter  Rousseau - drink driver,solicitation, use of controlled substances.
Christina Gallagher assistant

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Conventions of Drama

Exhibits real life situations with realistic characters, settings and stories
Portrays journeys of character development
Intense social interaction
Purpose of a dramatic story line is to move the audience
Heart of drama is the conflict
Conflicts include inner/outer realistic struggles depicting hardships, difficulty and pain 
Audience can relate to the characters
Structured with climaxes and anti climaxes to keep the audience emotionally attached and the tension ongoing
A form realisation at the end/happily

Conventions of Political Drama

  • Corruption in politics and congress
  • Realistic
  • Power struggle

House of Cards do conform to these conventions such as the corruption in congress as Frank was falsely promised senator and also when Frank blackmails Peter to work for him.
There is a power struggle with Frank as he is trying to reach the top.
This offers a sense of realism 

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Task 7


Write a 500 word synopsis of House of cards



You are expected to decode the narrative from watching the film

At least three narrative (strands) exists, describe theme as part of the synopsis.

Describe the Genre of the film
Identify the main characters and their character role hero/anti hero, protagonist/antagonist

   Frank Underwood is an ambitious democratic congressman and the House Majority Whip.

The show starts by introducing Frank Underwood who is the main protagonist and it shows an injured dog and how Frank gives a dark metaphor about pain whilst strangling the dog. This shows Frank is willing to do anything when needed.
The story moves on to the successful election of President Garret Walker, Frank then introduces other main characters throughout the party. Whilst still having a direct mode of address with the audience.

 Frank helped and ensured the election of President Garret Walker, who falsely promised to promote Underwood to Secretary of State. However Walker and Chief of Staff Linda Vasquez, a Latino woman, go against that promise and instead appoints Senator Michael Kern. Frank angered with the decision and infuriated with the betrayal of Walker and Vasquez. This is due to the amount of help and effort Underwood gave the two and they went against him. With this feeling of betrayal and regret Underwood as this is a stab in the back for Underwood so he and his wife Claire, a ruthless CEO of an environmental company, make a pact to destroy Kern and for Frank to become president.
Frank needed to gather his own team to do anything he wants with no questions asked.
Whilst this was occurring, ambitious reporter for the Washington Herald, Zoe Barnes comes into play as she makes her resources available she becomes one of their pawns. Zoe Barnes is looking for her big break and thought she had found it with Frank.
Another pawn for Frank and Claire is Peter Russo who is an unfaithful solicitation